Here I’d like to share some of the original, full size figures included in the poster as well as some figures I produced during my analysis.

Transect Count Analysis

Using the transect count data, I analyzed both the abundance and richness of both resident and migratory birds encountered across the 6 possible treatment conditions (High Landscape Forest Cover: Sun-coffee, Shade-coffee, Forest | Low Landscape Forest Cover: Sun-coffee, Shade-coffee, Forest).

Resident and Migrant Richness
Resident and Migrant Richness


This figure is presented on the poster. We found that the species richness of residents (p=0.04), but not migrants (p=0.14), was affected by a landscape*local interaction. Resident richness was marginally affected by local land use (p=0.09). The same pattern was evident for abundance of residents (p=0.07), not migrants (p=0.43), presented below.

Resident and Migrant Abundance
Resident and Migrant Abundance


Species Encountered and Habitat Associations

Below is the list of the 20 mostly commonly encountered species. On the left, you can see the total count observed, and on the right, you can see the distribution of habitats within which those species were observed.

Species Encountered
Species Encountered


Across all sites, we found more resident individuals than migratory individuals. So, we also pulled the encounter data for all migratory species encountered across all transect surveys. Please note the reduced x-axis scale.

Migratory Species Encountered
Migratory Species Encountered


Flocking Behavior

During all transects, in addition to determining the species and counts of all birds encountered, we tracked whether those birds we participating in flocks and if yes, the flock identity. We collected these data to determine if the the propensity of birds to participate mixed-species flocks may vary across the landscape.

We found that variation in mixed species flocks was not explained by local land use or landscape. The encounter rates, size, richness, and proportions of migrants vs. residents in mixed species flocks did not significantly differ among landscapes or with farm practices.

Mean Flock Sizes
Mean Flock Sizes


We also examined the likelihood of the 3 most commonly encountered resident species and the 2 most commonly encountered migrant species to participate in mixed-species flocks across habitat types.

Mixed-Species Flock Propensity
Mixed-Species Flock Propensity


Farm and landscape features are related to flocking propensity of resident species. Participation in mixed species flocks was significantly related to coffee management for common resident species: - Golden-crowned Warblers (p<0.001) - Slate-throated Redstarts (p=0.09) - Silver-throated Tanagers (p=0.005)

Silver-throated Tanagers participated most in flocks when in landscapes with little forest cover (p=0.045).

Flock participation did not vary among the two most abundant migrants.

Site Photos

Here is the distribution of all sites in the landscape. The forest landcover is visible in this satellite image as the darkest green continuous vegetation.

Field Sites
Field Sites


Additionally, I wanted to show some typical images of the sun-coffee, shade-coffee, and forest plots. The following images were taken at field sites used in this study.


Sun-grown Coffee Plot
Sun-grown Coffee Plot


Shade-grown Coffee Plot
Shade-grown Coffee Plot


Typical Forest Plot, sorry the screen was a little sweaty.
Typical Forest Plot, sorry the screen was a little sweaty.